The cathode material stores and releases positive charge in batteries, facilitating the flow of electrons from the positive electrode to the negative electrode during discharge. They are widely used in electronic devices and have a significant impact on performance and lifespan, as seen in displays, LED lights, X-ray generators, and more.
Ta (Tantalum), Y2O3 (Yttrium Oxide), BaO (Barium Oxide), and LaB6 (Lanthanum Hexaboride) are common cathode materials, each with its own characteristics and applications.
Tantalum (Ta) Cathode Material
Tantalum (Ta) is the most versatile cathode material and also the least expensive among the four. It can operate in a vacuum environment of 1E-5 Torr and has a lifespan of several hundred hours under moderate heating currents.
Yttrium Oxide (Y2O3) Cathode Material
The Y2O3 cathode material has the advantage of operating in a low vacuum environment due to the non-reactive nature of its iridium heating electrode and disk (coated with Y2O3). It can operate in a vacuum environment of 1E-4 Torr, and compared to Ta, it can provide a larger electron beam at lower temperatures with a lifespan similar to that of Ta.
Barium Oxide (BaO) Cathode Material
The BaO cathode material has an extremely low work function, allowing it to operate at lower temperatures with lower brightness. It is sensitive to water vapor, so activation and operation should be done in an environment with a vacuum of 1E-7 Torr or higher. Under moderate heating currents, its lifespan can reach several thousand hours.
Lanthanum Hexaboride (LaB6) Cathode Material
LaB6 is a cathode material that differs from other refractory metals and instead has a more complex structure made of carbon and single-crystal LaB6. Its emission area is smaller than disk-shaped cathodes, giving it the advantage of having a smaller spot size. LaB6 cathodes need to operate in an environment with a vacuum of 1E-7 Torr or higher and are the most expensive among the four cathode materials. Under moderate heating currents, its lifespan can reach several thousand hours.
Comparison of the temperature emission properties of Tungsten (W), Tantalum (Ta), and Lanthanum Hexaboride (LaB6)
Choosing the right cathode material is crucial for optimal performance and longevity of electron beam instruments. Factors to consider include the application, vacuum environment, and cost. Making an informed choice ensures better performance, longer lifespan, and cost-effectiveness in electron beam instruments.
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