Sputtering targets of conservation can not be ignored, because the target cleanliness for coating quality sputtering process of formation.

What are the metal 3D printing powder (spherical powder) preparation processes?

This table gives coefficients in an equation for the vapor pressure of metallic elements in both the solid and liquid states. The vapor pressure in the range of 10-15 to 10-3-atmare covered.

Evaporation Data | Z-factor and density for Evaporation Materials - Heeger Materials Inc

Sputtering targets are used to create thin films in a technique known as sputter deposition or thin film deposition.