Sapphire Tube

Data sheet

Diameter	Maximum 300 mm, or customized
Density	3.97–4.1 g/cm3
Materials	AI2O3
Melting Piont	2045 ℃

More info

Sapphire Tube is made from high-purity single-crystal sapphire, offering reliable strength, optical clarity, and resistance to heat, pressure, and corrosion. Its broad transmission range supports optical sensing, monitoring, and protection in demanding industrial, scientific, and environmental applications. Heeger Materials provides high-quality Sapphire Tubes to meet various technical requirements.

Sapphire Tube

Sapphire Tube Properties

Category	Property	Specification
General Composition	Chemical Formula	Aluminum Oxide (Al₂O₃), single crystal
Crystal Structure	Crystal System	Trigonal, hexagonal lattice
Melting Point	—	2045℃
Physical Properties	Thermal Expansion Coefficient	Parallel to optical axis: 6.7 × 10⁻⁶ /K Perpendicular to optical axis: 5.0 × 10⁻⁶ /K
	Specific Heat	0.18 Cal/g·K (25℃)
	Poisson’s Ratio	0.28
	Density	3.97–4.1 g/cm³
	Hardness	Mohs: 9 Vickers (Hv) ≥1700 kg/mm²
	Elastic Modulus	340–380 GPa
	Compressive Strength	2.1 GPa
	Tensile Strength	0.19 GPa
	Flexural Strength	448 MPa
Optical Properties	Refractive Index	Parallel: 1.769 Perpendicular: 1.76
Optical Properties	Transmission	86% (280–3500 nm)
Electrical Properties	Resistivity	>10¹⁶ Ω·cm (25℃)
Electrical Properties	Dielectric Constant	7.5–10
Chemical Properties	Corrosion Resistance	Not corroded by acids or alkalis at room temperature

Sapphire Tube Specifications

Item	Specification
Dimensions	Diameter up to 300 mm
Thickness (Length)	5–300 mm
Pressure Resistance	200 MPa
Temperature Resistance	<1600°C (Physical properties decrease at high temperatures)
Surface Quality	80/50, 60/40 options
Polishing Method	Inner/outer cylindrical polishing or full polishing
Coating	Generally not coated
Packaging	Vacuum packaging
Custom Shapes	Slotting and drilling are available

Sapphire Infrared Transmittance at Different Thicknesses

Sapphire Tube Key Features

High Temperature and Pressure Resistance: Withstands extreme thermal and pressure conditions, making it suitable for thermocouple protection in environments such as heavy-oil reactors and hydrogen production systems.
Optical Compatibility: Offers excellent transmission from UV to mid-IR, enabling use in curved optical components, bent fiber guides, and high-precision applications in Micro-LED and OLED technologies.
Electrical and Electronic Performance: Provides high hardness and strong electrical insulation, supporting applications in lasers, transistors, and other electronic devices, with optional metallization for conductivity.
Wear and Corrosion Resistance: Maintains durability in chemical and laboratory environments, reducing wear and extending service life under abrasive or corrosive conditions.
Versatile Industrial Use: Can be used in instruments, pumps, spacers, insulators, and various precision components across multiple industrial sectors.

Sapphire Tube Processing and Usage Recommendations

Ensure full-surface polishing: Unpolished areas may contain subsurface damage that can initiate cracks under extremely high pressure. These micro-damaged regions are often the first to fail and may lead to complete tube fracture.
Avoid sharp edges: Chamfering the transition between the end face and the cylindrical surface is recommended. Sharp edges are prone to impact damage, and even minor collisions can create stress points that result in cracking.
Maintain proper thermal management: Sapphire’s mechanical properties decrease significantly at high temperatures. Although a precise temperature-strength relationship is not yet defined, controlled temperature gradients are essential. Because sapphire has much lower thermal conductivity than metals, rapid temperature changes can create large internal gradients between the inner and outer walls, increasing the risk of thermal shock and breakage.

Sapphire Tube Applications

Thermocouple Protection: Used in high-temperature and high-pressure environments such as heavy-oil reactors, hydrogen production systems, and industrial furnaces.
Optical Systems: Supports curved optical components, light-guiding structures, and specialty fiber applications requiring UV–IR transmission.
Electronics and Lasers: Applied in laser devices, insulating components, and semiconductor equipment, with optional metallization for conductive functionality.
Chemical and Laboratory Equipment: Provides abrasion and corrosion resistance for chemical reactors, fluid channels, and analytical instruments.
Industrial Machinery and Components: Used for precision parts such as pump sleeves, spacers, insulators, and structural elements in demanding industrial environments.

Sapphire Tube Packing And Shipping

Sapphire Tube will be securely packaged in sturdy containers with cushioning materials to prevent movement or damage during shipping. This careful packaging ensures that the product arrives in perfect condition, maintaining its high-quality standards throughout the delivery process.

Saphhire Windows Packing

Where to Buy Sapphire Tube in Bulk?

Heeger Materials Inc., a professional supplier and manufacturer of high-quality Functional Crystals products including Sapphire Tube, leverages extensive expertise in supply and export to offer competitive prices. We provide customized solutions to meet specific requirements, ensuring exceptional quality and customer satisfaction.

Heeger Materials Inc. was established in 2016 in Colorado, USA. We specialize in premium-grade metals, alloys, ceramics, powders, and other materials catering to research, development, and large-scale industrial production in scientific and industrial sectors.

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