Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Vanadate Crystal | Nd:YVO4 Crystal

Data sheet

Density	4.22 g/cm³
Materials	Nd:YVO4 Crystal

More info

Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Vanadate (Nd:YVO4) Crystal is a high-performance crystal for diode-pumped lasers, particularly in mid- to low-power applications. Compared to Nd:YAG, it offers higher absorption and emission efficiency. Combined with nonlinear crystals like LBO, BBO, or KTP, it can generate various wavelengths, including infrared, green, and ultraviolet. Nd:YVO4 is widely used in fields such as material processing, medical diagnostics, and laser printing, and is rapidly replacing traditional laser technologies due to its compact size and high efficiency. Heeger Materials provides Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Vanadate Crystal (Nd:YVO4) for advanced applications.

Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Vanadate Crystal | Nd:YVO4 Crystal

Nd:YVO4 Crystal Properties

Crystal Structure	Tetragonal system, Space Group D4h-I4/amd
Lattice Parameters	a=b=7.1193 Å, c=6.2892 Å
Density	4.22 g/cm³
Atomic Density	1.26×10²⁰ at/cm³ (Nd 1.0%)
Mohs Hardness	4-5 Mohs (similar to glass)
Thermal Expansion Coefficient (300K)	αa=4.43×10⁻⁶ /K, αc=11.37×10⁻⁶ /K
Thermal Conductivity (300K)	//C: 5.23 W/m/K, ⊥C: 5.10 W/m/K
Laser Wavelengths	1064 nm, 1342 nm
Absorption Peak Wavelength	808 nm
Peak Absorption Cross-Section	5.8×10⁻¹⁹ cm²
Peak Absorption Bandwidth	16 nm
The lifetime of 4F₃/₂ Nd Energy Level	90 μs
Emission Cross Section @ 1064 nm	11.4×10⁻¹⁹ cm²
Refractive Index @ 1064 nm	no=1.96, ne=2.17
dn/dT	3.0×10⁻⁶ (∥c)K⁻¹, 8.5×10⁻⁶ (∥a)K⁻¹
Absorption Peak Wavelength	808 nm
Thermo-optic Coefficient (300K)	dno/dT=8.5×10⁻⁶ /K, dne/dT=2.9×10⁻⁶ /K
Stimulated Emission Cross Section	25×10⁻¹⁹ cm² @ 1064 nm
Fluorescence Lifetime	90 μs (1% Nd-doped)
Absorption Coefficient	31.4 cm⁻¹ @ 810 nm
Intrinsic Loss	0.02 cm⁻¹ @ 1064 nm
Gain Bandwidth	0.96 nm @ 1064 nm
Polarized Laser Radiation	π-polarized; parallel to optical axis (c-axis)
Optical-to-Optical Conversion Efficiency	>60%
Sellmeier Equation	no² = 3.77834 + 0.069736 / (λ² - 0.04724) - 0.010813 λ² ne² = 4.59905 + 0.110534 / (λ² - 0.04813) - 0.012676 λ²

Nd:YVO4 Crystal Specifications

Dimensional Tolerance	(W±0.1 mm) × (H±0.1 mm) × (L+0.5/-0.1 mm) (L≥2.5 mm)
Dimensional Tolerance	(W±0.1 mm) × (H±0.1 mm) × (L+0.1/-0.1 mm) (L<2.5 mm)
Clear Aperture	Central 90% region
Surface Quality	10/5 per MIL-PRF-13830B standard
Flatness	≤λ/8 @ 633 nm (L≥2.5 mm)
Flatness	≤λ/4 @ 633 nm (L<2.5 mm)
Transmitted Wavefront Distortion	≤λ/4 @ 633 nm
Parallelism	20″
Perpendicularity	≤15′
Angle Tolerance	≤0.5°
Chamfer	≤0.2 mm × 45°
Edge Chip	≤0.1 mm
Damage Threshold	>1 GW/cm² @ 1064 nm, 10 ns, 10 Hz (AR coating)

Nd:YVO4 Crystal Stock Dimensions

Dimensions (mm)	Length (mm)	End Face	Doping	Coating
3x3	3	Right-angle cut	2%	AR/AR @ 1064+808 nm
3x3	2	Right-angle cut	2%	AR/AR @ 1064+808 nm
3x3	1	Right-angle cut	3%	AR/AR @ 1064+808 nm
3x3	0.5	Right-angle cut	3%	AR/AR @ 1064+808 nm
3x3	5	Right-angle cut	1%	HR @ 1064 nm + HT @ 808 nm/AR @ 1064 nm
3x3	3	Right-angle cut	2%	HR @ 1064 nm + HT @ 808 nm/AR @ 1064 nm
3x3	2	Right-angle cut	2%	HR @ 1064 nm + HT @ 808 nm/AR @ 1064 nm
3x3	1	Right-angle cut	3%	HR @ 1064 nm + HT @ 808 nm/AR @ 1064 nm
3x3	0.5	Right-angle cut	3%	HR @ 1064 nm + HT @ 808 nm/AR @ 1064 nm
3x3	5	Right-angle cut	1%	AR/AR @ 1064+808 nm

Nd:YVO4 Crystal Absorption and Emission Curve

NdYVO4 Crystal Absorption and Emission Curve

Nd:YVO4 VS. Nd:YAG

Nd:YVO4 lasers, compared to Nd:YAG, have a wider 808 nm absorption bandwidth and higher efficiency, allowing for smaller, compact lasers and extended diode lifespan. With 2.4-6.3 times the absorption bandwidth and higher pump efficiency, Nd:YVO4 reduces costs. It also has a larger stimulated emission cross-section at 1064 nm and 1342 nm, making single-line excitation easier. As a uniaxial crystal, it emits linearly polarized light, avoiding birefringence. Despite a shorter fluorescence lifetime, its high pump quantum efficiency ensures high slope efficiency. The table below compares their main characteristics:

Material	Doping Concentration (at.%)	Stimulated Emission Cross Section σ (×10⁻¹⁹ cm²)	Absorption Coefficient α (cm⁻¹)	Fluorescence Lifetime τ (μs)	Absorption Length Lα (mm)	Threshold Power Pth (mW)	Pump Quantum Efficiency ηS (%)
Nd:YVO4 (a-cut)	1	25	31.2	90	0.32	30	52
Nd:YVO4 (a-cut)	2	25	72.4	50	0.14	78	48.6
Nd:YVO4 (c-cut)	1.1	7	9.2	90	—	231	45.5
Nd:YAG	0.85	6	7.1	230	1.41	115	38.6

Nd:YVO4 Key Advantages

High absorption gain cross-section.
Strong polarization-dependent absorption and emission spectra (better with π polarization).
Shorter upper-state lifetime compared to Nd:YAG.
High optical quality and large diameter crystals obtained through the Czochralski method.
Custom crystals available upon request.
Pump bandwidth around 808 nm is approximately 5 times that of Nd:YAG, less dependent on pump wavelength, and tends to output single mode.
Stimulated emission cross-section at 1064 nm is 3 times that of Nd:YAG.
Low laser threshold and high slope efficiency.
Uniaxial birefringent crystal, outputting linearly polarized light.

Nd:YVO4 Crystal Applications

High Repetition Rate Q-switched Lasers: Nd:YVO4 is used in high repetition rate Q-switched lasers for precision marking and engraving.
Mode-locked Lasers for Spectroscopy: It is ideal for mode-locked lasers in spectroscopy, offering stable and tunable wavelengths.
Medical Diagnostics: Nd:YVO4 is used in medical laser systems for diagnostics, including imaging and laser therapy.
Material Processing: It powers lasers for material processing applications such as cutting, welding, and ablation.
Laser Printing: Nd:YVO4 is used in laser printing systems due to its efficiency and ability to generate high-quality beams.

Nd:YVO4 Crystal Packing And Shipping

Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Vanadate (Nd:YVO4) Crystal will be securely packaged in sturdy containers with cushioning materials to prevent movement or damage during shipping. This careful packaging ensures that the product arrives in perfect condition, maintaining its high-quality standards throughout the delivery process.

Where to Buy Nd:YVO4 Crystal in Bulk?

Heeger Materials Inc., a professional supplier and manufacturer of high-quality Laser Crystals products including Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Vanadate (Nd:YVO4) Crystal, leverages extensive expertise in supply and export to offer competitive prices. We provide customized solutions to meet specific requirements, ensuring exceptional quality and customer satisfaction.

Heeger Materials Inc. was established in 2016 in Colorado, USA. We specialize in premium-grade metals, alloys, ceramics, powders, and other materials catering to research, development, and large-scale industrial production in scientific and industrial sectors.

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